Periodontal disease disease is a serious condition that causes the breakdown of the tissues that support your teeth. If not treated, it can lead to tooth loss. Fortunately, it is preventable. Brushing your teeth for two minutes twice a day, flossing once a day and regular dental cleanings can help keep your gums healthy.
Poor oral hygiene, smoking and certain health conditions such as diabetes increase the risk of periodontitis. It can also be hereditary. Gum disease occurs when bacteria from plaque build up and produce toxins that attack the gums. When the gums are inflamed, they become puffy and red and may bleed when touched. The first stage of gum disease is gingivitis, which is reversible.
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If left untreated, the bacteria will continue to infect the gums and surrounding tissues. The toxins destroy the ligaments and bone that hold teeth in place, resulting in gum tissue receding from the teeth. The pockets that form allow more harmful bacteria to enter and cause more damage. In severe periodontitis, the bones that hold the teeth in place erode, leading to loose and falling out of the teeth. This stage is often accompanied by bad breath and pus-filled pockets in the gums.
During treatment for advanced gum disease, the dentist will clean underneath your gums (scaling and root planing) and take X-rays to check for bone loss. They will also prescribe antibiotics and/or surgical procedures such as gum grafting, which covers exposed roots and adds thickness to your gum line.